Biomethane, as one of the main methods for the utilization of biomass energy, will play a critical role in the decarbonization of energy consumption. Sourced from organic wastes like crop residues, livestock manure, food waste, and industrial wastewater, biomethane is a sustainable alternative to natural gas. Advancing the production and consumption of biomethane offers clear advantages to China across multiple domains, including energy, climate, rural development, and the environment.